From The Sunday Times, 10th August 1975 [link]
A farmer grows apples in an orchard divided into plots —three to the East and three to the West of a central path. The apples are of two types — for eating (Cox, Laxton, Pearmain) and for cider making (Tremlitt, Coppin, Kingston).
Adjacent plots contain apples of different basic type. The apples are of six colours (red, green, russet, golden, orange, yellow) and of six tastes (sweet, sour, acid, tart, pleasant, bitter).
They ripen at different times, either early or late in July, August and September. Those ripening in early or late September are in plots directly opposite. Those South of Pearmain do not ripen in August. Tart are directly West of the acid variety, which ripens in early August. Yellow apples and those maturing in late September are adjacent. Yellow and orange are of the same type. Orange are North of pleasant and also North of Pearmain. Kingstons are adjacent to golden. Green is South of bitter.
Cox ripen in early July, and Laxtons ripen early in a different month. Tremlitts are red, and Kingstons mature after Coppins, which are not sour.
If cider apples taste unpleasant, what are the characteristics of the apples in North East plot? (Name, colour, taste, ripens).
This puzzle is included in the book The Sunday Times Book of Brain-Teasers: Book 2 (1981).
I think the puzzle as published in The Sunday Times and in the book is open to interpretation, and my first attempt using a reasonable interpretation gave two solutions (neither of which are the published solution). After examining the given solution in the book I think the following wording is clearer:
A farmer grows apples in an orchard divided into plots — three to the East and three to the West of a central track. Adjacent plots are separated by a shared fence. The apples are of two basic types — for eating (Cox, Laxton, Pearmain) and for cider making (Tremlitt, Coppin, Kingston).
Neighbouring plots contain apples of different basic type. The apples are of six colours (red, green, russet, golden, orange, yellow) and of six tastes (sweet, sour, acid, tart, pleasant, bitter).
They ripen at different times, either early or late in July, August and September. Those ripening in early or late September are in plots directly opposite each other. Those directly South of Pearmain do not ripen in August. Tart are directly West of the acid variety, which ripens in early August. Yellow apples and those maturing in late September are in adjacent plots. Yellow and orange are of the same basic type. Orange are directly North of Permain, which are pleasant. Kingstons and golden are in adjacent plots. Green is directly South of bitter.
Cox ripen in early July, and Laxtons ripen early in a different month. Tremlitts are red, and Kingstons mature after Coppins, which are not sour.
If cider apples are neither pleasant nor sweet, what are the characteristics of the apples in North-East plot?
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Jim Randell 7:03 am on 22 July 2026 Permalink |
I think the wording of this puzzle is poorly chosen.
But if we ignore the condition that the dimensions of the tank must be an integer number of feet until we get to the end, then we can solve it in the way I think the setter intended.
We start by considering tanks that have a minimal cost for a given volume:
For a tank with base x by y and a height z the cost for the tank is given by:
(This assumes the price is continuous, so fractional square feet of wall/floor are charged proportionally).
Applying the AM-GM inequality [ @wikipedia ] we get:
with equality when x = y = z.
The total cost of the tank is therefore:
with equality when x = y = z.
If the volume of the tank is fixed at a value V:
we see the cost of the tank is:
and we achieve the minimum cost when x = y = z, i.e. when the tank is a perfect cube.
And the cost is then:
(This is the same as showing for cuboids of a given volume the minimum surface area possible is achieved with a cube).
We now introduce the fact that the sides of the tank are all whole numbers.
The problem then is to find a positive integer x (which gives a volume of x³) where 6x² is a sequence of consecutive digits (in ascending or descending order). (We ignore the trivial case where the cost is a single digit).
The following Python program runs in 66ms. (Internal runtime is 345µs).
from enigma import (irange, tuples, nconcat, rev, div, is_square, cb, printf) # solve for a cost of S def solve(S): x = is_square(div(S, 6)) if x is not None: V = cb(x) dims = (x,) * 3 printf("vol = {V}; cost = {S}; dims = {dims}") digits = list(irange(0, 9)) # choose 2-10 digits for k in irange(2, 10): for ds in tuples(digits, k): if ds[0] != 0: solve(nconcat(ds)) if ds[-1] != 0: solve(nconcat(rev(ds)))Unfortunately there are two possible solutions:
So, even solving the puzzle in the intended way gives 2 viable answers (a quite small tank, and a very large tank). Although one of these could have been eliminated by placing restrictions on the size or cost of the tank.
The published answer is the larger one (which has a longer run of consecutive digits in the cost):
Solution: The volume of the tank is 13824 cu ft.
However, this is not how I originally read the puzzle.
As the constraint that the dimensions of the tank are whole numbers is introduced first I considered that we are only dealing with tanks that have integer dimensions, and this means that the lowest possible cost for a given tank is not necessarily when the tank is a cube. (And also we don’t have to assume the cost of fractional areas is charged proportionally).
For example, if we suppose Farmer Barfoot is looking for a tank to hold 1175 cu ft, then there are the following possible integer dimensioned tanks:
So, for a tank holding exactly 1175 cu ft, the best price we can manage is £ 990.
But an 9 ft × 11 ft × 12 ft tank would cost £ 678 (a sequence of consecutive digits) and hold 1188 cu ft, so be cheaper and slightly larger (and is a reasonable size).
And it is not possible to build a tank costing less, with a capacity of at least 1175 cu ft.
So this seems like 1188 cu ft would be a satisfactory solution to the puzzle.
I checked volumes up to 500,000 cu ft, and found the following solutions where the cost is at least 2 digits and consists of consecutive digits in order:
So, my initial reading of the puzzle throws up even more candidate solutions. Although a restriction on the cost or size of the tank could narrow these down to a single solution.
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